India has about 18 percent of the world's population and only 4 percent of the world's water resources. It is severely water-stressed, thereby making water management a national priority. India uses about 230 cubic kilometers of groundwater annually, which is more than a quarter of the global total, making it the world's largest user of groundwater. About 90 percent of the groundwater extracted is used for irrigation and over 60 percent of the irrigated land in India is supported primarily by groundwater supplies. For an agrarian country like India, water is a key driving force of agriculture and has a direct bearing on its productivity and sustainability. However, unregulated extraction and non-replenishment has reduced groundwater drastically and deteriorated its quality. The crisis has worsened further due to climate change, which causes erratic and intense rainfall. This, coupled with lack of sufficient runoff storage capacity, leads to the loss of precious freshwater into the sea. Furthermore, there is a serious lack of infrastructure for safe disposal of wastewater in villages, which further leads to contamination of water resources. Water contamination is a serious problem, giving rise to health and hygiene concerns.
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