How can small-scale farmers thrive despite having limited land and resources?

In India, where more than 86 percent of farmers are classified as small-scale or marginal (NITI Aayog 2023), how to create sustainable livelihoods is more relevant than ever. These farmers form the backbone of India’s agricultural economy, yet they often face persistent challenges—low productivity, depleted soil health, and limited access to reliable markets.

Community-led initiatives and scientifically informed agricultural practices, however, are beginning to change this narrative.

This blog explores how thoughtful interventions—particularly in the areas of soil enrichment, capacity building, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) partnerships—are transforming the lives of smallholder farmers. The story of Sampangiramaiah, a farmer from Medahatti village in Karnataka, offers a powerful example of this transformation.

What challenges do small farmers face in India today?

Small-scale and marginal farmers—who constitute more than 85 percent of India’s agricultural population—typically own less than two hectares of land. Despite their critical role in the nation’s food system, they face structural challenges that severely constrain their productivity and economic security:

How can science-backed sustainable practices help?

To improve yield and ensure long-term productivity, moving toward sustainable agricultural practices is crucial. One such approach is the Package of Practices (PoP):

One of the effective way to improve soil quality by using the Combining these interventions with traditional methods like old water tank tank silt application creates a holistic farming model that enhances productivity and improve soil biological, physical and biological properties.

What is tank silt and how does it improve the soil?

India is home to more than two million traditional water bodies, many of which remain underutilized due to years of silt accumulation. Desilting these tanks restores their water-holding capacity and yields nutrient-rich silt that can be repurposed for agricultural use. The soil that is excavated during the desilting of village ponds or community water tanks offers several agronomic benefits when applied to farmland:

India Water Portal explains how tank silt rejuvenates degraded soil.

A real-world example: How did Sampangiramaiah’s farm transform?

Sampangiramaiah, a farmer from Medahatti village, Karnataka, faced low yields due to poor soil and limited resources. As part of a CSR project supported by First American (FAI) India and implemented by S M Sehgal Foundation, he adopted:

Before vs. After Comparison:

“The package of practices and the use of tank silt have made a real difference,” shares Sampangiramaiah.

Why does farmer training matter in sustainable agriculture?

Farming success depends not just on inputs but also on knowledge and skills:

Workshops, demo farms, and one-on-one guidance are vital for technology adoption.

How do community-led initiatives support small farmers?

Farmer training is the backbone of sustainable agriculture. This is more than supplying better seeds or fertilizers; farmers are empowered with the knowledge to make informed decisions for their land, crops, and communities. For small-scale and marginal farmers, hands-on training often leads to lasting, meaningful change.

What training does:

For Sampangiramaiah in Medahatti village, ongoing technical support through the FAI India and Sehgal Foundation partnership initiative made all the difference. It wasn’t just the tools—it was the consistent guidance, timely advice, and real-time problem-solving that helped him increase his yields in a sustainable way.

What are the long-term gains from blending tradition and innovation?

When traditional wisdom is complemented by scientific knowledge, the results are transformative:

Farmers like Sampangiramaiah are pioneers in this integration, proving that transformation is possible with the right tools.

Can CSR help rural agriculture scale up?

Yes! CSR initiatives are increasingly becoming key drivers in transforming rural agriculture. By providing financial support, technical training, and community mobilization, CSR-backed projects bridge gaps that small farmers alone cannot overcome.

These efforts create sustainable models that can be replicated across regions, as seen in the CSR partnership between First American (FAI) India and S M Sehgal Foundation, which supported farmers like Sampangiramaiah in adopting advanced agricultural practices.

What steps can help replicate this model elsewhere?

Can small farmers become sustainable entrepreneurs?

Yes! And many already are. By integrating sustainable practices, training, and access to resources, small farmers can:

With government and CSR support, this model can empower lakhs of farmers.

A roadmap for transforming lives through agriculture

The story of Sampangiramaiah from Karnataka showcases how simple yet targeted interventions, such as PoP, tank silt use along with continued support, can elevate the lives of smallholder farmers.

Scaling such efforts across India has the potential to make agriculture a viable and sustainable livelihood. The future depends on collaboration, knowledge-sharing, and recognizing farmers as key agents of change.

About the Author

Pawan Kumar
Principal Lead for Agriculture Development

Pawan Kumar is the Principal Lead for Agriculture Development at Sehgal Foundation, with over 27 years of experience in scaling NGO and CSR initiatives. An Oxford-educated development professional, recognized as one of the top agri-food pioneers by the World Food Prize Foundation in 2024, Pawan has a strong track record in organizational growth, fund mobilization, and sustainable development.

The post Agricultural Development: Transforming Small-scale Farmers’ Land and Lives appeared first on S M Sehgal Foundation.

Soil health is the foundation of productive and sustainable agriculture. Yet, across India, farmland continues to suffer from degradation, nutrient depletion, and poor management practices. Addressing these challenges through scientifically backed solutions and localized interventions like Krishi Jyoti can significantly improve soil quality and enhance crop productivity in the long run.

What Is Soil Health and Why Does It Matter?

Soil health refers to the soil’s ability to function as a living ecosystem that supports plant growth, animal life, and human needs. Healthy soil balances nutrients, organic matter, moisture, and biological activity. When soil health is neglected, it affects productivity, biodiversity, and food security.

How the Green Revolution Impacted Soil Health

The Green Revolution holds a special place in Indian history. Though internationally recognized as a major step toward the nation’s food security, this transformation also led to the irresponsible exploitation of natural resources such as soil and water. Most of this is due to ignorance, greed, and overuse of some modern technologies that led to the revolution in the first place.

Back in 1970, Walter P. Falcon talked about the “second-generation problems” of the Green Revolution. Indiscriminate use of chemicals and fertilizers has led to a weakened ecology, thereby threatening long-term sustainability. However, the Indian farmer continued the practices in the quest for productivity. The resulting deterioration of soil and the depletion and contamination of water have had a direct impact on farmers’ productivity and profitability, particularly in Northern India.

Quick Fact:

According to the 2023 FAO India Report, nearly 60% of Indian agricultural soils are suffering from degradation, partly due to post-Green Revolution practices.

What Are the Main Causes of Soil Degradation in India?

Year after year, we hear about the rich harvest the season has produced. However, despite the ever-growing output, malnutrition and farmer income still remain contentious issues. The lack of understanding about imbalances in soil nutrients is the major reason for this.

Some of the issues being faced in soil health:

According to the 2023 ICAR report:

What Are the Consequences of Poor Soil Health?

What Are the Best Practices for Soil and Nutrient Management?

As farm yields reduce, and cost of inputs keeps rising, farmers are realizing the importance of improved soil health and nutrient management on their fields. Scientific practices have the ability to improve crop yields, reduce input costs, and have a host of environmental benefits.

Some of these practices include:

Balanced and integrated use of fertilizers and micronutrients: All essential nutrients need to be applied in optimum quantities and in planned methods that are dependent on soil, crop, and climatic conditions. Timing and a judicious mix of nutrients will meet crop demands and will prevent excesses. Over-fertilizing of crops increases pest issues. Excess of nitrogen levels in plants can decrease resistance to pests and result in crop damage.

This, of course, is only made possible with proper soil testing, outreach programs, and policy initiatives. For instance, a reform of the Nutrient-Based Subsidy Scheme could be extended to include urea as well as other nutrients. Use of organic nutrients should also be encouraged, since an important factor in maintaining soil organic matter.

Source

Reduction in inversion tilling: Excess tilling is detrimental to soil health. Tilling tends to decompose organic matter and disturb the soil aggregates, leading to a reduction in soil health, an increase in erosion, and reduced productivity. Tilling would only be required in order to increase organic input via residual crops or manure. Reduction in tillage may appear to be cumbersome and dependent on the individual field’s status; however, the benefits to the farmer are significant in the long run.

Reduction in synthetic pesticides and promoting beneficial organisms: Indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides and insecticides has adversely affected the environment and agricultural production. Harmful chemicals have found their way into the food chain and the water table. Pesticide residue pollutes soil, groundwater, and surface water, and affects livestock, crops, and humans.

Preserving soil moisture: Water shortages due to shrinkage in groundwater availability are a major issue affecting soil health, especially in monsoon-dependent arid regions of north India. Crops are starved or stressed for water due to low rainfall, high temperatures, and inconsistent or poor irrigation. Methods or systems that promote moisture guard against droughts and have a cyclical effect on soil health and fertility.

Source

Techniques such as strip tillage, no tillage, mulching, cover cropping, contouring, etc., have been shown to increase moisture retention in soil.

The 4Rs of Nutrient Management

The 4Rs of nutrient management are referred to when talking about proper nutrient application and soil health. Soil health is in harmony with nutrient management, and they are mutually interdependent.

Together, these four principles—right source, right rate, right time, and right place—serve as a comprehensive guide to efficient and sustainable farming practices.

How Region-Specific Interventions Make a Difference

Due to India’s diverse soil types and climates, a one-size-fits-all approach doesn’t work. Region-specific soil testing, customized nutrient solutions, and local farmer training are essential for sustainable agriculture.

Balanced nutrient management must consider soil nutrient availability, crop removal rates, investment returns, moisture conditions, and degradation types like salinity or acidity. A region-specific approach is crucial to maintain ecological balance and increase yields. This can be strengthened through targeted education and policy support.

Soil Health in India: Key Statistics

Real-World Impact: A Case Study from Haryana and Rajasthan

S M Sehgal Foundation, a well-recognized rural development NGO, in partnership with Mosaic India Private Limited, supports farmers in Haryana and Rajasthan under Mosaic Company’s Krishi Jyoti project. Working in the semi-arid regions of Mewat District of Haryana and Alwar District of Rajasthan, the project reached over 40,000 people across 60 villages of these districts, focusing on improving soil health, water management, and nutrient application. Key activities included:

The initiative has been acknowledged, appreciated, and has received multiple awards, including the FICCI Water Award in 2013 and the Bhamashah Award of the Rajasthan government in 2016 and 2017 in different categories. The felicitation is proof of the effort by Mosaic India Pvt. Ltd. and S M Sehgal Foundation to bring about positive change in the lives of small-scale farmers.

Conclusion

Sustainable farming starts from the ground—literally. With scientific nutrient management, region-specific strategies, and awareness-building among farmers, the path to healthier soil is achievable. Programs like Krishi Jyoti prove that localized, knowledge-driven agricultural interventions can enhance productivity, reduce costs, and preserve the environment. In the long run, such approaches can significantly contribute to national goals like doubling farmer incomes and ensuring food security.

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Livestock farming plays a crucial role in rural economies, providing income and sustenance to millions of farmers. However, many small-scale livestock owners rely on traditional feeding methods that lack the essential nutrients required for optimal animal health and productivity. Proper nutrition is vital for enhancing milk yield, improving reproductive efficiency, and strengthening immunity against diseases. Scientific studies have shown that a well-balanced diet can increase milk production by up to 20 percent and improve overall livestock health. (Source: National Dairy Development Board, India )

This article explores how farmers can improve livestock nutrition, backed by scientific insights and a real-life success story from Haryana.

The Challenges of Traditional Livestock Feeding Practices

In many rural areas, livestock is fed using age-old practices that fail to meet modern nutritional standards. Common feeding issues include:

Studies suggest that nearly 70 percent of livestock in India suffer from mineral deficiencies, leading to poor productivity. (Source: ICAR – Indian Veterinary Research Institute )

Scientific Approach to Livestock Nutrition: Key Nutrients for Better Productivity

To improve livestock health and increase productivity, a scientifically formulated diet is essential. A balanced feed should include the following:

The Role of Balanced Animal Nutrition: A Case Study from Haryana

Manju, a farmer from Pada village in Haryana, relied on traditional livestock feeding methods, which resulted in her buffalo’s poor health and low milk yield. In August 2023, she attended a farmers’ training session under the Krishi Samriddhi 3 project, supported by India Publicis Groupe Entities and implemented by S M Sehgal Foundation.

Following the training, Manju adopted a balanced nutrition kit containing mineral mixtures, vitamins, and deworming tablets. She also learned to mix green and dry fodder effectively.

Within a month, her buffalo’s milk production increased from twelve to fifteen liters per day, boosting her daily income by ₹180 (milk price: ₹60 per liter). Over three months, her net gain reached ₹13,900 after deducting the ₹2,300 cost of the nutrition kit.

Manju’s story illustrates how scientific feeding techniques can significantly enhance livestock productivity and financial returns.

Economic Benefits of Improved Livestock Feed for Farmers

Increased Milk Production and Revenue

A well-balanced diet directly impacts milk yield, leading to higher income for dairy farmers. When livestock receive essential nutrients, such as proteins, minerals, and vitamins, their productivity improves.

For example, Manju from Haryana observed a daily increase of three liters of milk after adopting a nutrition-rich feed. With milk priced at ₹60 per liter, this resulted in an additional income of ₹5,400 per month.

Cost-Benefit Analysis: A Profitable Investment

While high-quality livestock feed and supplements require an initial investment, the financial returns outweigh the cost. In Manju’s case, the nutrition kit cost her ₹2,300 and lasted three months, while her additional income during this period amounted to ₹16,200. After deducting the feed cost, her net profit was ₹13,900. Over an eight- to nine-month lactation period, this could mean an annual income boost of ₹37,000–₹42,000 from a single buffalo.

Reduced Veterinary Expenses

Poor nutrition weakens livestock, making them more susceptible to diseases that require frequent medical intervention. Providing balanced nutrition and deworming treatments reduces susceptibility to illnesses, lowering veterinary expenses. Farmers spend less on antibiotics, emergency treatments, and veterinary visits, saving thousands of rupees annually.

Improved Reproductive Health and Longevity

Malnourished livestock often suffer from reproductive issues, leading to increased calving intervals and reduced productivity. Proper nutrition supports better fertility rates, healthier pregnancies, and stronger calves.

This ensures a consistent milk supply and extends the productive lifespan of livestock, reducing the need for frequent replacements and costly purchases.

Strengthening Household Financial Stability

For small-scale farmers, dairy income is a critical source of financial stability. The additional revenue from increased milk production can help cover essential expenses, such as education, healthcare, and debt repayment.

As seen in Manju’s case, her increased earnings allowed her to repay a loan from her self-help group, reducing financial stress and enhancing her family’s overall well-being. Investing in high-quality livestock nutrition, farmers can increase both their daily income and long-term financial security while creating a more sustainable and profitable dairy farming system.

Scaling Up: Encouraging Adoption of Scientific Feeding Methods

To replicate success stories like Manju’s, government and NGO support is crucial for providing subsidized nutrition kits and farmer training. Awareness campaigns can educate farmers on the economic benefits of balanced feeding, encouraging wider adoption of best practices for livestock health and productivity.

Community demonstration plots can showcase real-time improvements, building farmer confidence. Additionally, technology integration—such as mobile apps offering customized nutrition recommendations—can empower farmers with data-driven insights. These efforts will ensure the broader adoption of scientific feeding methods, leading to sustainable income growth and improved livestock management across India.

The Future of Livestock Nutrition: Innovations and Sustainable Practices

Innovative solutions are shaping the future of livestock nutrition:

Adopting these advancements will further enhance productivity and promote sustainable farming practices.

The Path to Healthier Livestock and Profitable Farming

Enhancing livestock nutrition is a proven strategy for improving animal health, increasing productivity, and boosting farmers’ incomes. As seen in Manju’s case, scientific feeding methods can yield significant gains in milk production, leading to higher earnings and financial stability.

Scaling up these practices through government support, awareness campaigns, and technological solutions can empower more farmers to adopt balanced nutrition for their livestock. Enhancing feed quality is essential for the long-term sustainability of agriculture, strengthening India’s dairy sector, and ensuring national food security. Making scientific nutrition more accessible and affordable will shape the future of livestock farming.

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Soil health serves as the foundation of sustainable agriculture, yet millions of hectares worldwide are deteriorating due to increasing soil salinity. When excessive salts accumulate in the soil, they interfere with plant growth, reduce crop yields, and contribute to long-term land degradation. This poses a severe threat to farmers’ livelihoods, particularly in regions where irrigation water contains high levels of dissolved salts and industrial pollutants.

One such example is Kheda Khalilpur, a village in Nuh district, Haryana, where industrial pollutants in irrigation water have significantly impacted soil fertility. However, through soil analysis and the strategic use of gypsum, farmers have reclaimed their farmlands and improved crop yields. This article explores the science behind soil salinity, the role of gypsum in restoring soil health, and how targeted interventions—such as those implemented in Kheda Khalilpur—can offer scalable, sustainable solutions to this pressing agricultural challenge.

Understanding Soil Salinity and Its Causes

Soil salinity is a major environmental challenge affecting agriculture by reducing soil fertility and crop productivity. It occurs when excess salts accumulate in the soil, making it difficult for plants to absorb water and nutrients. This condition leads to stunted growth, lower yields, and, in severe cases, renders land unfit for cultivation.

Several factors contribute to soil salinity:

If left unchecked, salinity can turn once-productive land into barren wastelands, threatening food security and rural livelihoods. Addressing this issue requires scientific soil management practices to restore fertility and ensure sustainable farming.

Case Study: Kheda Khalilpur Village

Kheda Khalilpur, a village in Nuh district, Haryana, faces severe soil salinity due to contamination from a nearby water channel carrying industrial pollutants. With 4,000 acres of farmland dependent on this water source for irrigation, the accumulation of harmful chemicals and salts has reduced soil fertility and crop productivity, posing challenges for local farmers.

To address this issue, S M Sehgal Foundation, with support from TLG India Private Limited, initiated the Gram Uday-7 project in April 2023. The project aimed to promote soil health management through scientific interventions. Farmers were encouraged to test their soil to identify underlying issues. Soil analysis reports revealed high electrical conductivity (EC), indicating severe salinity, which restricted plant growth and reduced yields.

To combat this, experts recommended gypsum application, a proven method for reducing soil salinity and improving soil structure. Farmers obtained 1,000 bags of subsidized gypsum and applied 20–25 sacks per acre, leading to improved germination, healthier crops, and reduced sowing cycles. This resulted in cost savings of ₹1,500–2,000 per acre.

Farmers reported stronger plants, greener fields, and higher yield expectations, demonstrating that scientific soil management can restore agricultural productivity and secure rural livelihoods.

Soil Testing and Analysis: Identifying the Problem

Soil testing is a crucial first step in diagnosing and addressing soil salinity. It helps determine key parameters such as pH (acidity/alkalinity) and electrical conductivity (EC), which indicate salt concentration levels. High EC values suggest excessive salt accumulation, restricting water absorption by plant roots and leading to poor germination, stunted growth, and lower yields.

In Kheda Khalilpur, farmers participated in soil testing under the Gram Uday-7 project. The analysis revealed neutral pH but high EC, confirming salinity issues caused by industrial pollutants and poor irrigation water quality. Understanding these results enabled farmers to take corrective action by applying gypsum (calcium sulfate) to improve soil structure and reduce sodium content.

Regular soil testing empowers farmers with data-driven insights, ensuring they use appropriate treatments, optimize fertilizer use, and adopt sustainable farming practices to restore and maintain soil health.

Gypsum as a Solution to Soil Salinity

Gypsum (calcium sulfate) is one of the most-effective soil conditioners for treating salinity and sodicity. When applied to saline soils, gypsum helps replace sodium ions with calcium ions, improving soil structure and reducing compactness. This enhances water infiltration, prevents crust formation, and boosts root development, making it easier for plants to absorb nutrients. Additionally, gypsum increases soil permeability, allowing excess salts to leach out, thus restoring soil health.

In Kheda Khalilpur, where industrial pollutants increased soil salinity, gypsum application was recommended following soil analysis. The process was simple and cost-effective, making it an accessible solution for farmers dealing with declining productivity due to poor soil conditions.

Implementation and Farmer Adoption

Under the Gram Uday-7 project, farmers were introduced to the benefits of gypsum through demonstrations and hands-on training. They received guidance on applying 20–25 sacks of gypsum per acre to neutralize the excess salts. To facilitate adoption, they were also informed about government subsidies, allowing them to purchase gypsum at ₹105 per bag instead of the market price.

The impact was visible within months—farmers reported improved seed germination, stronger plant growth, and healthier crops. Previously, multiple sowings were required; but with gypsum treatment, a single sowing was sufficient, reducing input costs. This increased confidence among farmers, leading to wider adoption across the village.

Economic Benefits for Farmers

Soil restoration through gypsum application not only improves crop yields but also provides direct financial benefits to farmers. Key advantages include:

One farmer, Mahesh, highlighted the transformative impact of gypsum, noting that it had visibly improved crop health across all treated farmlands. With increasing awareness and proven results, more farmers are now adopting gypsum as a sustainable solution to combat soil salinity and improve their agricultural returns.

Scaling Up: The Need for Awareness and Policy Support

The success of soil-restoration efforts, such as those in Kheda Khalilpur village, highlights the importance of awareness, education, and policy support in tackling soil salinity on a larger scale. Many farmers remain unaware of the benefits of soil testing and gypsum application, leading to continued land degradation and declining yields.

To scale up these initiatives, the following measures are crucial:

Government agencies, research institutions, and private stakeholders must work together to implement large-scale soil health improvement programs, ensuring long-term agricultural sustainability and rural economic growth.

Future Prospects: Innovative Solutions for Soil Restoration

While gypsum remains a proven and cost-effective solution for soil salinity, emerging technologies and innovative approaches offer new possibilities for soil restoration:

Conclusion

The battle against soil salinity is crucial for ensuring sustainable agriculture and food security. The success in Kheda Khalilpur village highlights how scientific soil analysis and gypsum application restore soil health, improve yields, and reduce farming costs. However, scaling up such initiatives requires greater awareness, policy support, and innovative solutions. Promoting soil testing, farmer education, and government-backed subsidies helps more farmers reclaim their lands. Investing in long-term soil restoration strategies will not only enhance agricultural productivity but also strengthen rural livelihoods, ensuring a more sustainable and food-secure future for generations to come.

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“

The path to the country’s prosperity passes through the fields and barns of the villages.
~ Chaudhary Charan Singh, the fifth Prime Minister of India.

Agriculture remains the backbone of India, sustaining nearly 60 percent of the population. Yet Indian farmers continue to grapple with challenges such as unpredictable rainfall, groundwater depletion, and high electricity costs. According to a report by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), irrigation accounts for approximately 70 percent of India’s freshwater usage. Rising fuel prices and electricity shortages have only added to the struggle, making access to reliable water sources increasingly difficult. In recent years, solar water pumps have emerged as a sustainable and cost-effective solution, revolutionizing traditional farming practices and strengthening the resilience of the agricultural sector.

The necessity to enhance agriculture in India

India’s agricultural sector relies heavily on monsoon rains, leaving it vulnerable to climate change and unpredictable weather patterns. Nearly 86% of the country’s farmers are small and marginal, often struggling to access affordable irrigation solutions. Traditional diesel pumps are costly, unreliable, and harmful to the environment. Meanwhile, electric pumps depend on an inconsistent power supply, leading to excessive water consumption for irrigation. Advancing agriculture through modern, sustainable methods is essential to ensuring food security, improving farmer livelihoods, and driving economic growth in rural India.

The rise of solar water pumps in Indian agriculture

In response to growing concerns about energy consumption and climate change, solar water pumps have become increasingly popular. These pumps operate using photovoltaic panels that convert solar energy into electricity to power irrigation systems. Unlike conventional pumps, solar water pumps offer a reliable and environmentally friendly alternative, reducing dependence on fossil fuels and grid electricity.

Benefits of using solar water pumps for sustainable farming

The integration of solar water pumps in agriculture offers numerous advantages, particularly in terms of sustainability. Some of the key benefits include:

1. Lower Carbon Footprint

   Traditional irrigation pumps run on diesel or electricity, both of which contribute to carbon emissions and environmental pollution. In contrast, solar-powered pumps rely on renewable energy, significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting eco-friendly farming.

2. Cost-Effectiveness and Financial Savings

   Farmers using diesel or electricity-powered pumps often face high operational costs due to fluctuating fuel prices and power tariffs. Solar water pumps eliminate these expenses, offering long-term financial relief and improving profitability.

3. Expanded Access to Irrigation

   In many remote areas of India, an unreliable electricity supply limits farmers’ ability to irrigate their fields. Because solar water pumps operate independently of the power grid, they enable year-round irrigation, improving crop yields and overall agricultural productivity.

4. Water Conservation and Efficiency

   When integrated with drip or sprinkler irrigation systems, solar pumps help optimize water use and minimize wastage. This is especially crucial in regions struggling with water scarcity and declining groundwater levels.

5. Minimal Maintenance and Long Lifespan

   Unlike diesel pumps, which require frequent repairs and maintenance, solar water pumps have fewer mechanical components and a longer operational life. This ensures more reliable irrigation with minimal upkeep.

6. Resilience to Climate Change

   Erratic monsoons and unpredictable weather patterns make it difficult for farmers to rely solely on rain-fed irrigation. Solar-powered pumps provide a stable, sustainable water supply, ensuring consistent access to irrigation regardless of seasonal variations.

Challenges in adopting solar water pumps and the role of S M Sehgal Foundation

Despite their many advantages, solar water pumps remain underutilized by farmers, largely due to a lack of awareness, high upfront costs, and unfamiliarity with new technology. Rural farmers often need guidance on installation, maintenance, and how to maximize the benefits of solar-powered irrigation.

This is where leading rural development NGOs like S M Sehgal Foundation play a vital role. The foundation collaborates with corporations to support farming communities and introduce sustainable agricultural practices, including solar water pumps. Through capacity-building programs, awareness campaigns, and hands-on training, the foundation helps farmers recognize the long-term benefits of this technology. It also facilitates access to government subsidies and financial assistance, ensuring a smoother and more affordable transition to solar-powered irrigation.

Conclusion

The adoption of solar water pumps in Indian agriculture marks a significant step towards sustainable and self-reliant farming. By reducing dependence on fossil fuels, minimizing operational costs, and ensuring efficient water management, these pumps offer a promising solution to the challenges faced by farmers. However, the journey towards widespread adoption requires strong support from government policies, financial institutions, and rural development organizations. With the intervention of NGOs like S M Sehgal Foundation, farmers can be empowered to embrace this transformative technology, leading to enhanced agricultural productivity, economic stability, and environmental sustainability.

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Introduction

Wheat farming is a cornerstone of India’s agricultural landscape, vital for the economy and the livelihoods of millions of farmers. However, traditional farming methods, particularly the intensive tilling process, have begun to show their limitations. As agricultural practices evolve, innovative methods are quietly transforming wheat farming, offering new opportunities for sustainability and growth. In the Mau Aima block of Prayagraj district, Uttar Pradesh, farmers are embracing these changes, learning about wheat sowing with zero tillage. This shift is part of the Bolstering Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) project, supported by the Walmart Foundation and implemented by the S M Sehgal Foundation in Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka. The project aims to introduce modern farming techniques to FPOs, helping small and marginal farmers increase their profits and build resilience to climate change.

Understanding Zero Tillage in Wheat Farming?

Zero tillage is a sustainable farming technique that eliminates the need for traditional wheat cultivation practices, which often involve multiple tilling operations for land preparation. Traditionally, the land is ploughed using a rotavator to loosen the soil structure, followed by manual broadcasting of wheat seeds. An additional round of ploughing ensures proper seed-to-soil contact necessary for germination. However, this intensive tilling method negatively impacts soil health, reduces moisture retention, increases cultivation costs, and leads to lower crop yields, making it unsustainable in the long run.

In contrast, zero tillage allows farmers to sow wheat seeds directly into unploughed soil while leaving crop residues from the previous harvest undisturbed on the surface. This approach eliminates the need for extensive machinery and labor, offering benefits for both the soil and the environment. Specialized zero tillage machines or adapted tools are used to plant seeds directly, promoting sustainability and resource efficiency.

Benefits of Zero Tillage for Indian Farmers

Adopting zero tillage offers numerous advantages for small and marginal farmers, particularly in water-scarce areas offering sustainability and profitability. Here are the key benefits:

• 1. Reduced cultivation cost

  Traditional tilling requires several passes of machinery, which increases fuel costs and labour. Studies show that zero tillage reduces the production cost by 20%. Zero tillage eliminates the need for ploughing, reducing both equipment costs and labour expenses.

• 2. Improved soil health and fertility

  By leaving the soil undisturbed, zero tillage promotes the accumulation of organic matter, which improves soil structure, fertility, and moisture retention. This is especially crucial for sustainable farming in India’s diverse climates.

• 3. Water Conservation

  Zero tillage helps conserve water by minimizing soil evaporation. According to ResearchGate this method can save up to 15-20% of water required for irrigation.

• 4. Higher Crop Yields

  By preventing erosion and improving soil health, zero tillage contributes to higher crop yields, ensuring greater productivity for farmers.

• 5. Better Nutrient Absorption

  Zero tillage encourages the accumulation of organic matter, which enhances the soil’s ability to absorb and retain vital nutrients, further boosting crop growth.

Tackling soil health depletion with zero tillage: Women leading the way

The Allahabad Bovine Farmer Producer Company (FPC), based in Phaphamau town, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, has emerged as a pioneer in addressing soil health challenges through innovative farming techniques. Registered with the Registrar of Companies in Kanpur, this FPC is a shining example of women’s leadership in agriculture, with 90 percent of its shareholders being women.

Established in November 2021, the FPC began with 304 shareholders. With support from the Bolstering Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) project, an additional 56 women farmers joined the organization, strengthening its network. This transformative shift not only underscores the potential of sustainable farming but also highlights the vital role of women in driving agricultural innovation. The Allahabad Bovine FPC played a pivotal role in this transition. With 90% of its shareholders being women, the FPC empowered members to adopt innovative practices. Zero tillage is now more than a technique, it represents a sustainable future for Indian agriculture, fostering resilience and profitability for farmers.

Overcoming Challenges in Transitioning to Zero Tillage

The shift to zero tillage, despite its clear advantages, was not without hurdles for farmers entrenched in traditional practices. In areas like Mau Aima, where conventional tilling methods have been followed for generations, adopting this innovative farming technique required a profound shift in both mindset and routine.

The Bolstering Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) project, backed by the Walmart Foundation, played a significant role in addressing these challenges. Through practical training, access to specialized zero tillage machines, and consistent support, the project empowered small and marginal farmers to embrace this sustainable method. Efforts like farmer meetings and door-to-door outreach helped build awareness about the benefits of zero tillage, gradually fostering acceptance within the farming community.

Under zero tillage, seeds are sown directly into unploughed soil, leaving crop residues undisturbed on the surface. To facilitate this transition, the Allahabad Bovine FPC established a Custom Hiring Center, equipping farmers with essential machinery, including zero tillage equipment. Despite initial scepticism, farmers like Sameem Fatima led by example, demonstrating successful results that inspired others to follow suit.

These initiatives have not only accelerated the adoption of zero tillage but have also laid a foundation for sustainable farming practices, boosting soil health, crop productivity, and agricultural resilience.

Sameem Fatima’s Success Story: A Farmer Who Paved the Way

Through collaborative efforts and knowledge-sharing initiatives, 60 percent of the members of Allahabad Bovine FPC have adopted the zero tillage method for wheat cultivation, a practice that will stay with the farmers. A total of 381.65 acres by 184 farmers have been covered under zero tillage.

This powerful shift in farming practices will continue to transform lives, paving the way for future generations.

Conclusion: The Future of Zero Tillage in Wheat Farming

The benefits of zero tillage farming extend far beyond cost savings and increased yields. This method also promotes environmental sustainability by reducing soil erosion, improving water retention, and minimizing the carbon footprint associated with traditional tilling methods.

As more farmers like Sameem Fatima share their success stories, the practice of zero tillage is likely to continue spreading. It is a promising solution to the challenges posed by climate change, water scarcity, and soil degradation in India’s wheat farming sector.

Zero tillage is a transformative farming practice that has the potential to revolutionize wheat cultivation in India. By reducing costs, conserving water, and improving soil health, this method offers a sustainable path forward for farmers. With the support of initiatives like the Bolstering FPOs project, more farmers are adopting zero tillage, leading to a more sustainable future for Indian agriculture.

Ready to embrace sustainable farming practices? Learn more about how zero tillage can transform your farming operations by exploring this blog on innovative agricultural techniques for improving soil health.

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Introduction

Agriculture is the backbone of India’s economy, providing livelihoods to millions while shaping the nation’s food security. However, farming practices often come with challenges, and one critical issue is the management of crop residue. Crop residue management, which involves the handling of leftover stalks and stubble after harvesting, is pivotal for maintaining soil health and ensuring sustainable farming.

Burning crop residue, while efficient and cost-effective, significantly contributes to air pollution. This practice worsens pollution levels, harming air quality and soil health. Its detrimental effects go beyond environmental damage as they also threaten public health and long-term agricultural productivity.

This blog explores the pressing challenges of crop residue burning and highlights sustainable solutions that not only benefit the environment but also empower farmers. By adopting innovative practices like those pioneered by the S M Sehgal Foundation, farmers can transform agricultural waste into a resource, creating a win-win for both their fields and the planet.

Understanding the Problem: Crop Residue Burning

Crop residue refers to the plant material left behind in fields after harvest, such as stalks, straw, and leaves. In agriculture, this residue can serve multiple purposes, including improving soil fertility, preventing erosion, and acting as organic matter to enrich the soil. However, its potential benefits are often overlooked when farmers opt for quicker disposal methods, such as burning.

In northern India, particularly in Punjab and Haryana, burning crop residue has become a common practice due to the tight schedule between the rice harvest and wheat planting. Farmers typically have only two to three weeks to prepare their fields for the next crop cycle, leaving little room for more time-intensive residue management techniques. For many, burning the stubble is the most economical and convenient way to clear fields, as it requires minimal labor and costs.

However, this practice comes with significant environmental and health costs. Stubble burning releases massive amounts of pollutants, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), into the atmosphere. These emissions play a major role in the deteriorating air quality across northern India. During October and November, the practice becomes a significant contributor to the dense smog and hazardous pollution levels in Delhi and surrounding regions.

Poor air quality poses severe health risks, including respiratory illnesses, heart conditions, and reduced immunity, particularly among vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly. Moreover, the loss of organic material due to burning deprives the soil of nutrients, negatively affecting its long-term productivity.

Addressing this issue requires a shift towards sustainable and farmer-friendly solutions that balance agricultural needs with environmental responsibility.

Environmental sustainability through crop residue management

Environmental sustainability in agriculture refers to farming practices that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This includes protecting natural resources, reducing pollution, and maintaining soil health, all of which are essential for long-term agricultural productivity. By adopting sustainable practices, such as effective crop residue management, farmers can strike a balance between meeting their immediate agricultural needs and ensuring the preservation of the environment for future generations.

Sustainable farming practices are crucial for the future of agriculture. Prioritizing soil health, reducing reliance on chemical inputs, and minimizing environmental harm help ensure that land remains fertile and productive for years to come. Crop residue management is an essential practice in this regard, as it contributes to maintaining soil quality and reducing the environmental impact of farming. The need to find alternatives to crop residue burning is more pressing than ever. As climate change intensifies and pollution levels rise, the environmental costs of residue burning are becoming increasingly unsustainable. Farmers need practical, cost-effective solutions that not only support their livelihoods but also promote the health of the land they cultivate.

Adopting efficient crop residue management practices offers a range of environmental benefits. These include enhancing soil health by boosting microbial activity and improving soil structure, which supports long-term fertility. Water conservation is another significant benefit, as efficient management helps improve water retention and reduces evaporation rates, making better use of available water. Additionally, these practices contribute to carbon sequestration by increasing organic carbon levels in the soil, which helps mitigate climate change. Efficient crop residue management also promotes biodiversity by encouraging diverse plant and soil life, which is critical for maintaining ecological balance. Erosion control is another key advantage, as it helps reduce soil erosion by protecting the topsoil layer, ensuring the preservation of land for future farming. Lastly, nutrient recycling through crop residue management facilitates decomposition, returning essential nutrients to the soil and further supporting healthy crop growth. By integrating these sustainable practices, farmers can enhance both their agricultural productivity and environmental stewardship.

S M Sehgal Foundation’s initiative for sustainable crop residue management

In response to the growing concerns surrounding crop residue burning, the S M Sehgal Foundation launched a CSR-supported project in 2021 to help farmers adopt more sustainable practices. The initiative aims to address the environmental and agricultural challenges posed by crop residue burning in northern India, focusing on building farmer capacities and promoting scalable solutions.

The goals of the initiative are:

• 1. Build Farmer Capacities

  Equip small and marginal farmers across rural India with the knowledge and tools needed to manage crop residue effectively and sustainably.

• 2. Develop Scalable and Replicable Models

  Create models that can be replicated across various regions, ensuring that sustainable crop residue management practices become widely adopted.

3 key activities under this project:

• 1. Sensitising Farmers About Soil Health

  Through workshops and demonstrations, farmers are educated on the importance of maintaining soil health and organic content. This helps them understand the long-term benefits of crop residue management for their farms.

• 2. Establishing Village Development Committees (VDCs) and Women Leadership Schools (WLS)

  These platforms empower local communities by creating leadership opportunities and spreading knowledge about sustainable farming practices.

• 3. Promoting the Use of Super Seeder Machines

  The initiative encourages the adoption of super seeder machines, which allow farmers to efficiently incorporate crop residues into the soil, reducing the need for burning and improving soil health.

By focusing on education, empowerment, and innovative technologies, this project is helping farmers transition to more sustainable practices that benefit both their livelihoods and the environment.

How super seeder machines support sustainable crop residue management

Super seeder machines are revolutionizing crop residue management by offering an efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to burning. These machines work by directly incorporating crop residues into the soil while simultaneously sowing the next crop, such as wheat, without disturbing the soil. The key advantage of using a super seeder is its ability to manage large amounts of crop residue efficiently, reducing the need for burning. This process not only helps preserve soil health by adding organic matter but also enhances moisture retention and nutrient availability, improving overall soil fertility.

For farmers, super seeder machines present both economic and environmental benefits. While the initial cost of the machine can be significant, the long-term gains are substantial. Farmers experience increased crop yields due to healthier soil, which translates into higher incomes. Additionally, by reducing the costs and environmental damage associated with burning, farmers can achieve sustainable, cost-effective residue management. By promoting the use of super seeders, farmers not only enhance their productivity but also pave the way for the broader benefits of sustainable crop residue management, which supports both soil health and environmental sustainability.

The results

Over the past two years, more than 30,000 acres in Haryana’s Kaithal and Kurukshetra districts have been cultivated without resorting to crop burning. This initiative has brought significant advancements in managing crop residue while benefiting the environment and farming practices. The project led to a 9.35% increase in crop yields, showcasing its effectiveness in enhancing agricultural productivity. Additionally, over 900 farmers adopted short-duration paddy varieties, which not only boosted yields but also enabled multiple cropping cycles within a year. By promoting sustainable farming techniques, the project has paved the way for improved agricultural outcomes and a more environmentally friendly approach to cultivation in these regions.

Success stories: Farmers leading the change in crop residue management

Conclusion: A call for sustainable crop residue management

The inspiring stories of farmers like Karam Singh and Mandeep showcase the transformative impact of adopting sustainable crop residue management practices. These methods not only improve soil health and crop yields but also significantly reduce air pollution. The S M Sehgal Foundation’s initiatives provide a replicable framework for driving widespread change. Stakeholders must come together to support and implement such eco-friendly practices, paving the way for a sustainable future in agriculture. Together, we can ensure that farming flourishes while protecting our environment.

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To forget how to dig the earth and to tend the soil is to forget ourselves.”
~ Mahatma Gandhi

Since more than 90 percent of the food grown for human consumption is produced on soil, the ecosystem of food production on the planet depends on soil fertility to a great extent. The quality of soil used for the production of food for people and animals is often neglected as the world turns toward large-scale agriculture.

With the exponential growth in world population that is estimated to expand to a whopping 9 billion by 2050, the demand for agri-produce will always be on the increase. With agricultural land in short supply, growing enough food will require a substantial increase in yields using sustainable means. Thus, we must look at the concept of “soil fertility” as an essential cog in the food cycle wheel.

“Soil health” can be defined as “The state of the soil being in sound physical, chemical, and biological condition, having the capability to sustain the growth and development of land plants.” ~ John Idowu, et al.

Another definition of soil health is “the capacity of soil to function as a vital living system, within ecosystem and land-use boundaries, to sustain plant and animal productivity, maintain or enhance water and air quality, and promote plant and animal health.” ~ Doran and Zeiss, 2000.

Debunking myths

Fallacious thinking or understanding about the way forward for increased food production has been led by large-scale agriculture, large farms, and conventional farming methods.

Large-scale agriculture

A U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) report estimates that small family farms produce more than three-fourths of the world’s food and these farms are less than 2.5 acres each. Nine out of ten of the world’s 570 million farms are managed by families. The answer to sustainable food security and eradicating hunger lies with these farmers/ farms that help in agricultural transformation.

Large farms

Studies show that while mechanization at farms results in better efficiency, they tend to lose out on agrochemicals and diversity. Smaller and diversified farms yield almost double the food per acre than the larger ones.

Conventional farming methods

Studies have shown that farms that concentrate on building soil health yielded only less than 10 percent than conventional farms. The gap was insignificant. Sustainable agriculture dependent on maintaining soil health would help tackle the issue of growth in food demand.

The way forward

The way forward from the looming food crisis, where we can provide our booming world population with healthy food, is to look at a sustainable soil ecosystem. Soil fertility management is the foundation of the food cycle and has a direct impact on food quality and quantity. Fertile soils have the regenerative capacity to support food-growing plants through nutrients, adequate hydration, and oxygen and root support. The concept gaining ground is “regenerative agriculture.” The technique looks at a rehabilitative approach to farming with emphasis on soil health as well as water management and optimum use of agrichemicals.

Some important techniques being adopted toward this:

Conservation tillage. A tillage and planting system that covers 30 percent or more of the soil surface with crop residue, after planting, reduces soil erosion by water. Normal ploughing and tilling result in soil erosion, compact soil, and degradation of useful soil microbes. Adoption of conservation tillage minimizes physical loosening of the soil and increases soil organic matter, thereby leading to a holistic ecosystem for plants to thrive, and a reduction in carbon footprint.

Crop diversity. An increase in crop diversity leads to a healthier dissemination of nutrients in the soil through essential microbes that feed on the roots. A diverse planting system leads to a varied nutrient-rich soil, helping in better yields. Crop diversity is also known to suppress weeds and pests, stabilize yields, and increase pollinators.

Cover crops and crop rotation. After cash crop harvesting, the soil lies bare, erodes, and the nutrients necessary for successful plant growth dry out or wash away. Planting similar species on the farm could lead to an imbalance in nutrients. Crop rotation and cover crops can help infuse soils with diverse organic matter. The benefits are immense and the reduced erosion control, reduced compaction, higher water infiltration, better soil diversity, weed and pest suppression, and carbon sequestration lead to improved air, soil, and water quality. Each crop species has its own niche and attributes and needs to be deployed strategically depending on the season, farm, and soil specifics.

Inorganic fertilizer overuse, a hidden danger. Certain fertilizer nutrients in India are used indiscriminately because of price differentials despite the fact that they are not suited to the soil ecology or septic crops. Imbalanced use of nutrients can upset the delicate balance of soil health. Abuse of inorganic fertilizers can be detrimental to soil health and lead to a disruption of organic matter and delicate plant roots. It can also percolate into the water table and cause cultural eutrophication, disrupting the ecological cycle. Proper education through agricultural extension is necessary to educate farmers about this important yet neglected area.

Leading the way

Being an NGO specializing in rural development, S M Sehgal Foundation has partnered with Mosaic India Private Limited to support farmers in Haryana, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh through Krishi Jyoti.

The effort of introducing small-scale farmers to modern agricultural techniques has helped them improve their crop yields and gain greater financial benefits from farming. The first broad area to achieve this was agricultural development work on enhancing soil health, providing agricultural inputs, and giving expert advice to farmers. Farmers were provided with quality seeds, fertilizers, and macro and micronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, etc.

Water management being the core of the project, involved farmers’ training in water conservation, building infrastructure, and encouraging water-efficient irrigation techniques. Building check dams and encouraging the use of drip irrigation facilities helped farmers to a large extent.

The change has been made possible through the agricultural extension and outreach programs of S M Sehgal Foundation and Mosaic India Pvt. Ltd. and has had a positive impact on the marginal farmer community grappling with perennial issues of soil erosion, contamination of the water table, and dwindling farm income.

Watch this video to learn more about the Krishi Jyoti project.

Conclusion

Soil health management plays a major role in agricultural production, especially in arid climates as in North India. With the emphasis on higher food grain production, it is now time to recognize that soil health cannot be ignored. With the climate getting unpredictable, healthy and resilient soil methods should be propagated to manage variations. Though soil health management has some way to go, particularly in a country like India, it is a viable and sustainable alternative to the present conventional, large-scale agriculture. A regenerative approach offers profitable and nature-friendly economic models for farmers and alternative ways to increase yield that are not at the expense of sustainability. Policymakers should be looking at the negative impacts of commercial farming, something that will offer a larger vision for transforming agriculture. Surely this is the way for agricultural transformation and to fulfill the food demands of the world.

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Introduction

The “Bolstering Farmer Producers Organizations” project, supported by the Walmart Foundation and implemented by S M Sehgal Foundation in Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh, is reshaping the agricultural landscape for small and marginal farmers. The project is empowering Farmer Producers Organizations (FPOs) through focused training programs on sustainable agricultural practices and soil health management. The initiative helps farmers increase crop yields, reduce input costs, and strengthen their resilience against climate challenges. This not only drives long-term agricultural growth but also promotes community-level sustainability.

This blog explores how the project is empowering farmers—particularly women—by tackling the challenge of expensive and inconsistent livestock feed. With the establishment of a sustainable mini mill in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, the initiative is creating transformative change in the agricultural community.

Sangam Samridhi FPO: Transforming livelihoods through quality livestock feed

A Farmer Producers Organization (FPO) represents a collective of farmers united to improve agricultural practices, optimize resource access, and strengthen their bargaining position in the market. Through collaboration, FPOs enable farmers to lower input costs, enhance productivity, and elevate their overall quality of life.

In 2023, Sangam Samridhi FPO was selected to address the issue of expensive and inconsistent access to high-quality livestock feed by setting up a mini mill. With a membership of 1,000 farmers, including 300 women, Sangam Samridhi faced a major obstacle: the high cost and unreliable access to quality livestock feed. But with the support of Walmart for the “Bolstering Farmer Producers Organizations” project, the FPO has taken a significant step in providing affordable, locally produced, and high-quality livestock feed. This initiative not only boosts agricultural productivity but also improves the economic stability of its members and their communities.

Establishing a mini mill for high-quality livestock feed

Recognizing the critical role of animal husbandry in the rural economy, the FPO took a pivotal step by establishing a mini animal feed mill. The facility was set up on leased land in a warehouse located outside the village of Bhelkha. Sangam Samridhi contributed 10 percent of the setup cost, while the remaining expenses were covered by the project. The selection of machinery for the mill followed thorough market research into available technologies and suppliers. Feed pricing was determined through a comprehensive financial analysis, and local suppliers were identified for procuring essential raw materials—such as wheat, rice bran, mustard cake, and salt—to ensure the feed remained both affordable and high-quality.

Training and capacity building: Supporting sustainable livestock feed operations

To assure the long-term success of the livestock feed mill, the project placed a strong emphasis on specialized capacity-building programs for Sangam Samridhi FPO members. These programs equipped them with the necessary skills to independently manage the mill’s operations, from overseeing daily processes to ensuring the quality of the feed produced.

The project was instrumental in offering ongoing technical expertise and guidance, enabling FPO members to properly maintain the mill’s machinery, adhere to best practices, and uphold consistent quality standards. This continuous support ensures the mill operates efficiently and remains aligned with industry benchmarks.

In addition, the project emphasized the importance of cultivating local knowledge and expertise within the community. Building to this capacity, the FPO has not only sustained the mill’s operations but also developed a self-reliant business model that benefits the broader community. This approach contributes significantly to the long-term sustainability and economic well-being of the farmers.

Financial model: Profitability and reinvestment in livestock feed production growth

The financial model of the Sangam Samridhi FPO’s mini mill for livestock feed reflects a careful balance between quality and affordability. Each quintal (100 kg) of animal feed costs INR 2,449 to produce, and it is sold at INR 2,500, yielding a modest profit margin of INR 51 per quintal. While the price may be slightly higher than the market rate, the superior quality of the locally produced feed makes it a worthwhile investment for farmers, contributing to better livestock health and enhanced productivity.

At present, the FPO produces the feed on a pre-order basis, and they have successfully produced 10 quintals (1,000 kg), generating INR 25,000 in sales. This profit is strategically reinvested into the FPO infrastructure, including further training programs, procurement of raw materials, and continuous improvements to the feed production process. These reinvestments are vital in supporting the long-term growth of the FPO and in strengthening the livelihoods of its farmer members.

The project team remains actively involved in monitoring the mill’s progress, conducting regular assessments to gauge the impact of the feed on livestock health and productivity. This ongoing evaluation ensures that adjustments can be made when necessary, including refining training programs and production techniques, to ensure the initiative’s continued success and growth.

Impact on women farmers: Empowering the backbone of rural agriculture

In the rural landscapes of Uttar Pradesh, women farmers often face significant challenges, from limited access to resources to the undervaluation of their contributions. However, the “Bolstering Farmer Producers Organizations” project has made strides in improving these conditions, especially for women farmers.

Within the Sangam Samridhi FPO, 300 women have actively engaged in the mini mill project, which has transformed their livelihoods. For many, the establishment of this feed mill has provided a much-needed avenue to not only support their households but also gain financial independence and security. Women are often the primary caretakers of livestock in rural areas, and the availability of affordable, high-quality livestock feed has alleviated some of their financial burdens, allowing them to focus more on their farming activities rather than worrying about feed costs.

The project has also facilitated women’s participation in the management and operations of the feed mill. Through capacity-building training programs, these women have learned vital skills in feed production, machinery maintenance, and financial management. This hands-on involvement in the mini mill’s day-to-day operations has empowered them with technical expertise and boosted their confidence, allowing them to become key decision-makers within the FPO.

For many women, this initiative has not only improved their economic situation but also enhanced their social standing within the community. The success of women in running the mini mill has led to greater recognition of their roles in agriculture, further challenging traditional gender norms and encouraging other women to pursue opportunities in farming and business.

The project has truly become a catalyst for change, improving not only the productivity and economic well-being of women farmers and created an environment of equality and empowerment in rural agriculture. As these women continue to strengthen their skills and influence, they are paving the way for a more inclusive and sustainable agricultural future.

Marketing and Expanding Reach: Building a Brand for Livestock Feed and Growing the Market

Marketing the newly produced livestock feed presented a unique challenge for the Sangam Samridhi FPO, which needed to create awareness about the quality and benefits of their product while also building trust within the community. To address this, the project team worked closely with the FPO to develop a strong brand identity and enhance its promotional capacities. The feed was branded as “Sangam Samridhi Santulit Pashu Aahar” to emphasize its balanced and nutritious composition, carefully formulated to meet the dietary needs of cattle.

The branding initiative highlighted the feed’s superior quality and its positive impact on livestock health, making it an attractive choice for farmers. To further expand its market reach, the FPO began forging partnerships with other FPOs and individual farmers, creating a broader network for distribution. These collaborations helped increase awareness and access to the product, contributing to a growing customer base and expanding the feed’s availability across the region.

With a clear and focused marketing strategy, the Sangam Samridhi FPO is not only promoting the benefits of its livestock feed but also building a lasting presence in the market, enhancing its capacity to serve the needs of farmers and contribute to sustainable agricultural growth.

Final thoughts

The “Bolstering Farmer Producers Organizations” project has significantly transformed the lives of farmers in Uttar Pradesh, particularly women, by addressing the challenges of expensive and unreliable livestock feed. Through the establishment of the Sangam Samridhi FPO’s mini mill, farmers now have access to high-quality, affordable feed that contributes to better livestock health, increased milk production, and improved overall agricultural productivity. With continuous capacity building, a sound financial model, and strategic marketing efforts, the project ensures long-term sustainability, empowering farmers to reinvest in their businesses and enhance their livelihoods. As a result, this initiative is not only strengthening the local agricultural economy but also creating a sense of community-driven development that will continue to thrive for generations to come.

To learn more about the Bolstering Farmer Producer Organizations in Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka click on this video and witness how sustainable practices and innovative solutions are transforming rural farming communities.

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Soil fertility is fundamental in agriculture and sustainable crop production. It refers to the ability of the soil to provide essential nutrients to plants in adequate amounts and proper proportions. These nutrients are broadly categorized into macronutrients and micronutrients, each playing a crucial role in plant growth and development.

What are the differences between macronutrients and micronutrients?

Understanding and managing the balance of macronutrients and micronutrients in the soil is essential for achieving optimal soil fertility and soil productivity. But one thing at a time! Let’s focus on understanding micronutrients in this blog.

What are the different types of micronutrients?

Micronutrients, comprising vitamins and minerals, are categorized as follows:

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Most vitamins dissolve in water and are not easily stored in the body, being excreted in urine when consumed in excess. They are essential for energy production. Regular intake from various food sources is necessary due to their transient presence in the body.

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

These vitamins do not dissolve in water and are stored in the liver and fatty tissues for future use. Essential fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, E, and K, which support immune function, bone development, vision, and cell protection.

Macrominerals

Required in larger amounts than trace minerals, key macrominerals and their functions include:

Trace Minerals

Needed in minute amounts, trace minerals such as iron, manganese, copper, zinc, iodine, fluoride, and selenium perform critical functions within the body.

What are the 8 necessary micronutrients for plant growth?

Micronutrients are essential elements that plants need in very small amounts, typically measured in parts per million (ppm). Despite their minimal presence, they are critical for various physiological and biochemical processes within plants.

Take a look at the 8 necessary micronutrients for plant growth:

Each of these micronutrients has specific roles and functions within plant systems, contributing to overall plant health and productivity.

5 reasons why micronutrients are crucial for soil fertility

Soil fertility refers to the soil’s ability to provide essential nutrients to plants in adequate amounts and proportions for optimal growth and development. The importance of micronutrients in soil fertility can be highlighted through several key aspects:

Micronutrients, although required in small amounts, are indispensable for maintaining soil fertility and ensuring robust plant growth. What happens when the soil is deficient in these micronutrients?

What are the 5 factors that influence micronutrient availability in soil?

The availability of micronutrients in the soil is influenced by several factors, including soil pH, organic matter content, soil texture, moisture levels, and interactions with other nutrients. Understanding these factors is crucial for effective soil management and ensuring adequate micronutrient supply to plants.

How to ensure micronutrient management in soil?

Effective management of micronutrient deficiencies involves a combination of soil testing, appropriate fertilization practices, and the use of soil amendments. Here are some strategies to ensure adequate micronutrient supply:

Manjamma was well-versed in agricultural practices and was doing a great job. However, joining hands with the experts proved to be profitable. The involvement of top sustainable rural development NGOs in India is crucial for fostering resilience and self-reliance among farmers. By empowering them with the necessary skills, knowledge, and resources, these organizations contribute to the overall goal of sustainable agricultural development and rural prosperity.

How is the S M Sehgal Foundation helping farmers boost their soil fertility?

S M Sehgal Foundation’s Agriculture Development Program enhances sustainable livelihoods in India by empowering farmers, including women, with knowledge of advanced agricultural practices and modern technologies that boost crop productivity, conserve water, and enhance soil fertility. The program targets smallholder and marginal farmers in both rain-fed and irrigated regions, promoting the adoption of sustainable techniques such as soil health management, climate-smart interventions, and efficient crop production strategies.

The program focuses on optimizing input use, introducing small farm mechanization, implementing water-efficient irrigation methods, developing horticulture, managing livestock, and leveraging information and communication technology (ICT) in agriculture.

Fortification by micronutrients for effective mustard production

Lajja Ram, a dedicated small-scale farmer from Punhana block in Nuh, Haryana, spends all his time managing his 3-acre agricultural land and tending to his livestock. He primarily grows staple crops such as wheat, mustard, and pearl millet. For over a decade, Lajja Ram has depended on traditional farming techniques due to a lack of scientific knowledge about modern and sustainable farming methods, which resulted in decreased yields and productivity from excessive use of DAP and urea.

Through a CSR-supported initiative by S M Sehgal Foundation, farmers like Lajja Ram received training on contemporary agricultural techniques, with practical demonstrations on the Package of Practices (PoP) aimed at enhancing crop productivity and income generation. During this training, Lajja Ram was introduced to numerous scientific methods to improve crop yields. He participated in a demonstration where he implemented improved practices for mustard cultivation. For this, he received a PoP kit covering half an acre of land, while he continued using his traditional methods on another half-acre as a control plot. Both plots used the same mustard seeds, but the demo plot was supplemented with micronutrients such as sulphur, zinc, and sulphate of potash provided in the PoP kit.

Throughout the crop cycle, Lajja Ram observed notable differences in both the quantity and quality of the crops between the two plots. The crops in the control plot, treated with the usual excessive urea and DAP, produced mustard seeds that were dull in color and smaller in size. In contrast, the demo plot yielded mustard seeds that were larger, more numerous, and exhibited a good texture and shine, demonstrating the effectiveness of the scientific methods and micronutrients introduced during the training.

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